How Doctors Diagnose Spinal Stenosis: What to Expect

Spinal stenosis is a condition in which the spaces within the spine narrow, pressing on the nerves. This can lead to pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness, often in the lower back or neck. If you are experiencing symptoms, a doctor will conduct a thorough evaluation to determine if spinal stenosis is the cause.

Medical History and Symptom Assessment

The diagnosis begins with a detailed discussion about your symptoms, including when they started, their severity, and what activities make them better or worse. Your doctor may ask about any past injuries, surgeries, or medical conditions that could contribute to your pain.

Physical Examination

During the physical exam, the doctor checks for signs of nerve compression by assessing your range of motion, reflexes, muscle strength, and balance. Certain movements may be performed to see if they trigger pain or discomfort, helping to locate the affected area.

Imaging Tests for Diagnosis

To confirm spinal stenosis, doctors use imaging tests to visualize the spine and identify any narrowing or compression. Common tests include:

• X-rays: These provide a clear view of bone structures and can reveal abnormalities such as bone spurs or disc degeneration.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): This test produces detailed images of the spine, showing soft tissues, nerves, and any compression or inflammation.
• CT Scan with Myelogram: A CT scan combined with a contrast dye injected into the spinal canal can highlight areas where nerves are compressed.

Electrodiagnostic Testing

If nerve involvement is suspected, the doctor may recommend:

• Electromyography (EMG) to measure electrical activity in the muscles and detect nerve dysfunction.
• Nerve conduction studies (NCS) to assess how well nerves transmit signals.

Confirming the Diagnosis

After reviewing all test results, the doctor determines whether spinal stenosis is the cause of your symptoms. If diagnosed, a personalized treatment plan is created, which may include physical therapy, medications, injections, or in some cases, surgical options.

With the right approach, spinal stenosis can be effectively managed. If you suspect you have this condition, seeking medical advice early can lead to better outcomes and improved quality of life.